Back

Arjuna's Penance, Mahabalipuram

Arjuna's Penance is a giant open-air relief carved across two boulders in the centre of Mahabalipuram, the old Pallava port south of Chennai. Dating from the mid-seventh century, it is one of the largest rock reliefs in the world and part of the UNESCO-listed Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram. Its crowds of gods, people and animals reward a slow, close look.

Descent of the Ganges
Period
Mid-seventh century (Pallava)
Entry fee
Free
Size
About 27 m wide and 13 m high
Nearest airport
Chennai International, about 55 km
Nearest railway station
Chengalpattu

What the relief shows

The carving is roughly 27 metres wide and 13 metres high. A natural cleft runs down the middle, and the sculptors used it as a river, with serpent deities rising in it. On one side, an ascetic stands on one leg with arms raised, usually read as Arjuna doing penance to win a weapon from Shiva; others see the scene as Bhagiratha bringing the Ganga down to earth, which is why it is also called the Descent of the Ganges.

Details to look for

History

The relief was carved under the Pallava kings, whose sculptors turned Mahabalipuram's granite outcrops into shrines, caves and panels. Water may once have flowed down the cleft from a tank above, which would have brought the river scene to life.

Visiting information

The relief is in the open and free to view, and you can see it at any time of day, though early morning and late afternoon light shows the carving best. Nearby are the Shore Temple, the Five Rathas, Krishna's Butter Ball, the Mahishasuramardini Cave and the lighthouse, which together make a full day.

How to reach

Chennai International Airport is about 55 km away. Chengalpattu is the nearest railway station, and frequent buses run from Chennai along the East Coast Road.

Also nearby

Shore TempleFive RathasKrishna's Butter BallMahishasuramardini CaveMahabalipuram LighthouseValluvar Kottam

Plan it with us

Tell us your dates and who is travelling. We will build the route, book the car, driver and hotels, and send you a clear quote.

Hi! I'm Robo — need help planning your trip?